| IATA/ICAO CODE: |
DCA/KDCA |
| CITY: |
Washington(DC) |
| STATE: |
VA |
| COUNTRY: |
USA |
AIRPORT CONTACT
No changes reported by the airport in 2011
Verify information below with the airport
| Name: |
Neal H. Phillips |
| Title: |
Manager, Noise Abatement Office |
| Airport: |
Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport |
Address:
|
Metropolitan Wash Airports Authority,
MA-15
1 Aviation Circle
Washington, DC 20001-6000. |
Phone:
|
+1 703 417 8745 |
| Fax: |
+1 703 417 8371 |
Email:
|
Neal.Phillips@mwaa.com |
| Airport Web Site: http://www.metwashairports.com/reagan/reagan.htm |
ELEVATION: 15 ft.
NOISE ABATEMENT PROCEDURES
Nonstop Flight:
|
Air carrier aircraft may not operate between the airport
and any other airport that is more than 1250 statute miles away
from Washington National Airport. |
Departures:
|
From take-off climb to 1500'. At 1500' reduce power
to a target setting computed for hot day conditions at maximum gross
take- off weight to give approximately 500 FPM climb. (in lieu of
1500', as the point of power reduction, the DCA 2 DME fix when departing
northwest or northeast or the DCA 3 DME fix when departing south
may be used). Maintain reduced power until past the DCA 10 DME Arc,
gradually increase power to normal climb settings. Follow the Potomac
or Anacostia River routes described below unless otherwise advised
by ATC.
ATC clearance to "continue climb" in no way eliminates the requirement
to comply with noise abatement procedures, except that the specific
ATC instruction to "expedite climb" releases the pilot from further
compliance with noise abatement procedures.
Northwest - potomac River to abeam Georgetown Reservior or the DCA
4 DME Arc, then continue over the river or via DCA R-328 until past
DCA 10 DME Arc.
Northeast - Anacostia River to DCA 5 DME fix, continuing at reduced
power past the DCA 10 DME Arc.
South - Potomac River to the DCA 5 DME fix, continuing at reduced
power past the DCA 10 DME Arc. |
Arrivals:
|
Aircraft shall be vectored so as to continue their
approachs over the rivers while being spaced within the traffic
flow. Aircraft making IFR approaches from the northwest shall be
cleared for Washington DC (Va) 19-1 River Approach (visual) when
weather is 3500' and 3 miles or better. Radar vectors will be provided
to the final approach course. When cleared for a River Approach,
aircraft may visually follow the river to the airport or may proceed
via the DCA R-328 (148 degree inbound) or via the LDA Rwy 18 approach
to abeam Georgetown Reservior or the DAC 4 DME fix, then visually
follow the river to the airport. A light on Memorial Bridge is installed
to assist pilots in staying over the Potomac River during approaches
from the northwest.
Aircraft making IFR approaches from the south shall be cleared for
a Washington DC 19-1 Mount Vernon Approach (visual) when weather
is 3000' and 4 miles or better. When so cleared, aircraft will proceed
inbound via DCA R-189 (009 degrees inbound) to abeam Oxonn (DC)
LOM or DCA 5.6 DME fix, then will visually follow the river to the
airport. |
CONTINUOUS DESCENT ARRIVAL
(CDA) - NONE
AIRPORT CURFEWS
| Note: DCA has not been under FAA since 1987 and does not follow
Part 159.40 (Nighttime noise limitation). The airport has its
own regulations.
Per the "Metropolitan Washington Airports Regulations"
Part 3- AIRCRAFT RULES
Chapter II - Aircraft Operations
3.11 Nighttime Noise Limitations
(1) Except in an emergency, and except as allowed by paragraph
(2) of this section, no person may operate an aircraft at National
after 9:59pm and before 7:00am if the estimated noise levels
in A-weighted decibels certified for the aircraft type and model
by the FAA in accordance with Part 36 of Title 14, Code of Federal
Regulations exceeds the applicable noise limit set forth below.
No adjustment for gross weight will be allowed.
Arrivals: 85 dBA as generated on approach
Departures: 72 dBA as generated on take-off.
(2) An operation which is scheduled to arrive before 10:00pm
and which is cleared for its final approach before 10:30pm shall
not be subject to the noise limit for arrivals set forth in
paragraph (1) of this Section.
(Note to the Reader: The FAA publishes Advisory Circular 36-3
"Estimated Airplane Noise Levels in A-weighted Decibels" which
lists aircraft types and models and their estimated noise levels.
A copy is available at Nationals Operations Office.)
3.12 Penalty
A violation of Section 3.11 shall subject the violator to a civil
penalty not to exceed $5000 for each violation |
PREFERENTIAL RUNWAYS - NONE
OPERATING QUOTA
| Senate Bill S.1331 Aviation Competition Enhancement
Act of 1997 (Introduced in the Senate) was introduced to modify
the perimeter rule to increase airline competition at National.
The perimeter rule in place bars nonstop flights longer than 1,250
miles from coming into or departing from National. |
S.1331
Aviation Competition Enhancement Act of 1997
(Introduced in the Senate)
Table of Contents:
October 29, 1997
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
SEC. 2. FINDINGS.
SEC. 3. REDISTRIBUTION OF SLOTS BY AUCTION.
CHAPTER 455--SLOT AUCTIONS
Sec. 45501. General authority to create, withdraw,
and auction slots
Sec. 45502. Auction
Sec. 45503. Special rules
Sec. 45504. Definitions SEC. 4. SECRETARY MAY GRANT EXEMPTIONS
TO PERIMETER RULE.
SEC. 5. COMPLAINTS CONCERNING PREDATORY BEHAVIOR.
S.1331
Aviation Competition Enhancement Act of 1997 (Introduced in
the Senate) S 1331 IS
105th CONGRESS
1st Session
S. 1331
To amend title 49, United States Code, to enhance
domestic aviation competition by providing for the auction of
slots at slot-controlled airports, and for other purposes.
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES October 29,
1997
Mr. MCCAIN introduced the following bill; which
was read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science,
and Transportation
A BILL
To amend title 49, United States Code, to enhance
domestic aviation competition by providing for the auction of
slots at slot-controlled airports, and for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives
of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the `Aviation Competition
Enhancement Act of 1997'.
SEC. 2. FINDINGS.
The Congress finds that--
(1) the Airline Deregulation Act anticipated the opening
of markets and the growth of competitive airline service throughout
the United States;
(2) airline competition benefits communities and consumers
and should be promoted by the Federal government;
(3) the introduction of low-fare competition into certain
markets has enabled more consumers to fly in those markets,
resulting in enormous economic growth for those communities;
(4) although the deregulation of the domestic airline industry
has led to better service and lower fares for most air travelers,
the full benefits of airline deregulation have yet to be realized,
particularly in communities served by small hub airports and
medium hub airports;
(5) the Secretary of Transportation has the authority to
promulgate and enforce standards of fair competition in the
airline industry under section 41712 of title 49, United States
Code;
(6) studies by the General Accounting Office (GAO) and independent
concerns show that concentration in the domestic airline industry
continues to increase and that, where such concentration exists,
fares have increased, with a significant impact on communities
and their residents;
(7) the GAO has identified operating limits, to include
slot controls, perimeter rules, and other airport restrictions
that continue to block airline entry at key airports in the
East and upper Midwest, that have an impact on air transportation
service throughout the country;
(8) of the over 3,100 domestic air carrier slots at the 4
slot-controlled airports, which are known as `high density
airports'--
(A) fewer than 45 slots are held collectively by air carriers
started after deregulation; and
(B) foreign carriers hold approximately twice as many
slots as new entrant air carriers;
(9) the Department of Transportation allowed the established
air carriers to retain a large portion of their slots free-of-charge
when the current `Buy-Sell Rule' was instituted in 1985;
(10) access to slot-controlled airports is crucial to establishing
new air service in the heavily-traveled eastern and midwestern
markets and if carriers are going to be able to increase services
to markets served by small hub airports and medium hub airports,
particularly in the Southeast and the Midwest;
(11) the 1993 National Commission to Ensure a Strong Competitive
Airline Industry recommended that the Federal Aviation Administration
(FAA) `review the rule that limits operations at high density
airports with the aim of either removing these artificial
limits or raising them to the highest practicable level consistent
with safety requirements';
(12) the GAO reports that additional action is needed because
the Department of Transportation is limited in the number
of new slots it can grant through the current exemption process;
(13) the perimeter rule at Washington National Airport is
Federally-mandated; and
(14) increasing competition by removing barriers would not
increase noise at Washington National Airport due to the continued
applicability of limitations on the number of hourly air carrier
operations, and noise restrictions that are in effect at Washington
National Airport after 10:00 p.m., which further restrict
operations by certain Stage 3 aircraft, the standard for the
quietest aircraft technology.
SEC. 3. REDISTRIBUTION OF SLOTS BY AUCTION.
(a) IN GENERAL- Subpart II of part A of subtitle VII of title
49, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end thereof
the following:
CHAPTER 455--SLOT AUCTIONS
Sec.
45501. General authority to create, withdraw, and auction slots.
45502. Auction.
45503. Special rules.
45504. Definitions.
Sec. 45501. General authority to create, withdraw, and auction
slots
(a) IN GENERAL- The Secretary of Transportation shall allocate
slots at each slot-controlled airport for assignment to new
entrant air carriers and limited incumbent carriers in accordance
with this chapter.
(b) APPLICATION PROCESS-
(1) REQUEST FOR SLOTS- An air carrier with appropriate
Federal Aviation Administration safety certification and
Department of Transportation economic certification may
submit a request to the Secretary for slots at a high density
airport. The application shall include--
(A) the markets to be served;
(B) the times requested;
(C) information on the passenger demand for the service
to be provided; and
(D) such additional information as the Secretary may require.
(2) ACTION ON REQUEST; FAILURE TO ACT- Within 45 days after
a request under paragraph (1) is received by the Secretary,
the Secretary shall--
(A) approve the request for processing if the Secretary
believes that--
(i) the applicant can operate the service for a period
of not less than 180 days; and
(ii) the service will improve the competitive environment;
or
(B) return the request to the applicant for further information.
If the Secretary neither approves the request under subparagraph
(A) nor returns the request under subparagraph (B) within the
45-day period beginning on the date it is received, then a request
under paragraph (1) is deemed to have been approved on the 45th
day.
(3) PRIORITY FOR CERTAIN MARKETS- In carrying out this
subsection, the Secretary shall give priority to the consideration
of applications that propose to provide service to communities
served by small hub airports, medium hub airports, and other
airports that do not have service to the high-density airport
to which the application relates.
(1) IF SLOTS ARE AVAILABLE- If an application under subsection
(b) is approved for processing, the Secretary first shall
allocate slots within 60 minutes of the requested times
if--
(A) unused slots are available; or
(B) slots may be awarded through the exemption process
in accordance with the Federal Aviation Administration's
air traffic priorities.
(2) IF SLOTS ARE UNAVAILABLE- If an application under subsection
(b) is approved for processing but the requested slots are
not available for allocation under paragraph (a) of this
subsection, then the Secretary may withdraw slots, under
subsection (d), for
(d) WITHDRAWAL OF SLOTS FOR AUCTION-
(1) WITHDRAWAL OF EXISTING SLOT ASSIGNMENTS- The Secretary
shall withdraw, from major carriers at each airport--
(A) for the first auction under this section, not more
than 10 percent of the auctionable slots assigned to such
carriers at that airport; and
(B) for any subsequent auction under this section, not
more than 5 percent of the auctionable slots assigned
to such carriers at that airport.
(2) FREQUENCY- Auctions under this section shall not be
held more frequently than 24 months after the preceding
auction.
(3) AUCTIONABLE SLOTS- For purposes of this subsection,
an auctionable slot is--
(A) a slot assigned to an air carrier in 1985 that is
still assigned to that air carrier, or a slot received
in even exchange with another air carrier for a slot assigned
to that air carrier in 1985; and
(B) any slot other than a slot--
(i) used by a major carrier to provide service to an
airport that is a small or medium hub airport; or
(ii) acquired for value by an air carrier before July
1, 1997.
(a) GENERAL AUTHORITY- The Secretary of Transportation shall
assign a slot to a qualified applicant through the use of
a system of competitive bidding.
(b) USES TO WHICH BIDDING MAY APPLY- A slot may be assigned
under this subsection if the Secretary determines that the
assignment of such slot will, or is reasonably likely to,
increase competition among air carriers nationally, regionally,
or in the markets affected by the slot assignment in accordance
with section 45501(b).
(c) DESIGN OF SYSTEMS OF COMPETITIVE BIDDING- In identifying
slots to be withdrawn for auction under section 45501(d)(1),
in specifying eligibility and other characteristics of such
slots, and in designing the methodologies for use under this
subsection, the Secretary shall include safeguards to protect
the public interest in the use of the slots and shall seek
to promote the following objectives:
(1) increasing competition in the provision of air transportation
in a way that benefits the public, including those residing
in rural areas;
(2) promoting economic opportunity and competition and
ensuring that air transportation at competitive rates is
readily accessible to the American people by avoiding excessive
concentration of slots among major air carriers;
(3) recovery for the public of a portion of the value of
the slots made available by competitive bidding and the
avoidance of unjust enrichment through the methods employed
to award slots; and
(4) efficient and intensive use of slots.
(d) BIDDER QUALIFICATION- No air carrier other than a new
entrant air carrier or a limited incumbent carrier may participate
in a system of competitive bidding under this section. No
license shall be granted to an applicant selected pursuant
to this section unless the Secretary determines that the applicant
is qualified to utilize the slot or slots to be so assigned.
(e) RULES OF CONSTRUCTION- Nothing in this section, or in
the use of competitive bidding, shall--
(1) alter slots allocation criteria and procedures established
by the other provisions of this subtitle;
(2) diminish the authority of the Secretary under the other
provisions of this Act to regulate or reclaim slots;
(3) be construed to convey any rights, including any expectation
of renewal of a slot assignment, that differ from the rights
that apply to other slots at the same airport that were
not issued pursuant to this section; or
(4) be construed to prohibit the Secretary from issuing
additional slots.
(f) CONSIDERATION OF REVENUES IN PUBLIC INTEREST DETERMINATIONS-
(1) CONSIDERATION PROHIBITED- In making a decision to assign
slots pursuant to this section, and in prescribing regulations
pursuant to this section, the Secretary may not base a finding
of public interest, convenience, and necessity on the expectation
of Federal revenues from the use of a system of competitive
bidding under this section.
(2) CONSIDERATION LIMITED- In prescribing regulations
pursuant to this section, the Secretary may not base a finding
of public interest, convenience, and necessity solely or
predominantly on the expectation of Federal revenues from
the use of a system of competitive bidding under this section.
(3) CONSIDERATION OF DEMAND FOR SLOTS- Nothing in this
subsection shall be construed to prevent the Secretary from
considering consumer demand for slots-based services.
(g) TREATMENT OF REVENUES-
(1) GENERAL RULE- Except as provided in paragraph (2),
all proceeds from the use of a competitive bidding system
under this subsection shall be deposited in the Airport
and Airway Trust Fund established under section 9502 of
the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.
(2) DEPOSIT AND USE OF AUCTION ESCROW ACCOUNTS- Any deposits
the Secretary may require for the qualification of any person
to bid in a system of competitive bidding pursuant to this
subsection shall be deposited in an interest bearing account
at a financial institution designated for purposes of this
subsection by the Secretary (after consultation with the
Secretary of the Treasury). Within 45 days following the
conclusion of the competitive bidding--
(A) the deposits of successful bidders shall be paid
to the Treasury;
(B) the deposits of unsuccessful bidders shall be returned
to such bidders; and
(C) the interest accrued to the account shall be transferred
to the Airport and Airway Trust Fund.
(h) EVALUATION- Not later than March 1, 1999, the Secretary
shall conduct a public inquiry and submit to the Congress
a report--
(1) containing a statement of the revenues obtained, and
a projection of the future revenues, from the use of competitive
bidding systems under this section;
(2) describing the methodologies established by the Secretary
pursuant to subsections (c) and (d);
(3) comparing the relative advantages and disadvantages
of such methodologies in terms of attaining the objectives
described in such subsections; and
(4) recommending any statutory changes that are needed
to improve the competitive bidding process.
Sec. 45503. Special rules
(a) Resale or Reversion of Purchased Slots-
(1) RESALE- A slot assigned by competitive bidding under
section 45502 may be--
(A) sold by the air carrier to which it was assigned
only to a new entrant air carrier or limited incumbent
carrier within 24 months of the slot acquisition; or
(B) leased to any air carrier, except that any such leased
slot shall be sold to a new entrant air carrier or limited
incumbent air carrier that offers to purchase it.
(2) REVERSION- A slot assigned by competitive bidding under
section 45502 that is lost by the air carrier to which it
was assigned under section 93.227 of the Federal Aviation
Administration's regulations (14 C.F.R. 93.227), shall be
returned to the Federal Aviation Administration.
(b) OTHER EXISTING SLOTS-
(1) EXPIRATION- Any slot not withdrawn for assignment under
this chapter shall continue in effect until the earlier
of--
(A) the date on which it is subsequently withdrawn for
such assignment; or
(B) the date on which it expires or is withdrawn according
to the terms of its assignment.
(2) FUTURE REVENUES- Any amount paid for assignment or
use of an expired slot shall be treated in accordance with
the provisions of section 45502(h) as if received under
that section.
(c) APPLICATION OF 80-PERCENT RULE-
(1) IN GENERAL- In applying section 93.227(a) of the Federal
Aviation Administration's regulations (14 C.F.R. 93.227(a)),
the Secretary of Transportation shall take such action as
may be necessary to maximize slot usage.
(2) STUDY- The Secretary of Transportation shall initiate
a study to determine whether the application of the high
density rule contained in subpart S of part 93 of title
14, Code of Federal Regulations, promotes or hinders airline
competition or has no effect on airline competition, and
the impact of changes to the rule on safety.
(3) USE OF SLOTS BY COMMUTER OPERATORS- The Secretary
of Transportation shall limit the use of air carrier slots
by commuter air carriers. In carrying out this paragraph,
the Secretary shall weigh the benefits of the use of air
carrier slots by commuter air carriers against the use of
those slots by other air carriers, taking into account the
provisions of section 93.227 of the Federal Aviation Administration's
regulations (49 C.F.R. 93.227).
Sec. 45504. Definitions
For purposes of this chapter--
(1) HIGH DENSITY AIRPORT- The term `high density airport'
has the meaning given it by section 41714(h)(2) of this title.
(2) NEW ENTRANT AIR CARRIER; LIMITED INCUMBENT CARRIER-
The terms `new entrant air carrier' and `limited incumbent
carrier' have the meaning given such terms by section 93.213
of the Federal Aviation Administration's regulations (14 C.F.R.
93.213).
(3) COMMUTER AIR CARRIER- The term `commuter air carrier'
has the meaning given that term by section 41714(h)(1) of
this title.
(4) MAJOR CARRIER- The term `major carrier' means an air
carrier to which Part 121 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations,
applies.
(5) MEDIUM HUB AIRPORT- The term `medium hub airport' means
an airport that each year has at least 0.25 percent, but less
than 1.00 percent, of the total annual boardings in the United
States.
(6) SLOT- The term `slot' has the meaning given that term
by section 41714(h)(4) of this title.
(7) SMALL HUB AIRPORT- The term `small hub airport' has the
meaning given that term by section 41731(a)(3).
SEC. 4. SECRETARY MAY GRANT EXEMPTIONS TO PERIMETER RULE.
(a) IN GENERAL- The Secretary of Transportation shall by
order grant exemptions from the application of section 6012
of the Washington Metropolitan Airport Authority Act of 1986
(49 U.S.C. App. 2461) to all air carriers to operate limited
frequencies and aircraft on select routes between Washington
National Airport and other airports if the Secretary finds
that the exemption will--
(1) provide air transportation service with network benefits;
and
(2) increase competition in multiple markets.
(b) CRITERIA- The Secretary shall apply the criteria set
forth in section 45502(c) of this title in granting exemptions
under subsection (a).
(c) LIMITATIONS- Any exemption granted under subsection
(a)--
(1) may not affect the number of hourly commercial operations
permitted at Washington National Airport; and
(2) may not be granted with respect to any aircraft that
is not a Stage 3 aircraft (as defined by the Secretary).
(d) The Secretary shall not approve applications that propose
to relinquish service to small hub airports and medium hub
airports in return for long haul service beyond the perimeter
rule. The Secretary shall subsequently prohibit the holder
of the exemption from shifting service among slots at Washington
National Airport in order to provide the high frequency service
that it relinquished to provide long haul service under the
exemption.
(e) REPORT- Within 1 year after the date of enactment of this
Act, and biannually thereafter, the Secretary shall certify
to the United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Science,
and Transportation and the United States House of Representatives
Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure that noise
standards, air traffic congestion, airport-related vehicular
congestion, safety standards, and adequate air service to
communities within the perimeter described in section 6012
of the Washington Metropolitan Airport Authority Act of 1986
(49 U.S.C. App. 2461) have been maintained at levels that
are the same as, or better than, the levels maintained in
1997.
SEC. 5. COMPLAINTS CONCERNING PREDATORY BEHAVIOR.
Section 41712 of title 49, United States Code, is amended
(1) by inserting `(a) GENERAL- ' before `On the initiative';
and
(2) by adding at the end thereof the following:
(b) PREDATORY BEHAVIOR COMPLAINTS- If an air carrier files
a complaint under subsection (a) that another air carrier
has engaged in predatory behavior, then the Secretary of Transportation
shall respond to that complaint within 90 days by--
(1) finding that the air carrier that is the subject of
the complaint has engaged in predatory behavior;
(2) finding that such air carrier has not engaged in such
behavior; or
(3) requesting additional information from the parties;
or
(4) finding that there is insufficient evidence on which
to base a finding under paragraph (1) or (2) of this subsection.
|
| High Density Rule in effect (6:00am
to Midnight)
Slots by hour,by category |
| Air Carrier |
37 |
| Commuter |
11 |
| Other |
12 |
ENGINE RUN-UP RESTRICTIONS
| Per the "Metropolitan Washington Airports Regulations"
Part 3- AIRCRAFT RULES Chapter II - Aircraft Operations
3.13 Engine Runups: Taxiing
(1) No person shall operate an engine of an aircraft
on the Airport or taxi any aircraft on the Airport in such a manner
that the exhaust of that engine is likely to cause injury or damage
to any person or property on the grounds.
(2) To minimize the impact of noise from aircraft on the areas
surrounding National while providing for the efficient operation
of the airport, the Airport Manager may set reasonable conditions
for conducting engine runup checks or taxiing an aircraft after
9:59pm and before 7:00am.
(3) No person shall conduct engine runup checks or taxi an aircraft
after 9:59pm and before 7:00am except in compliance with any conditions
the Airport Manager sets pursuant to paragraph (2) of this section. |
APU OPERATING RESTRICTIONS - NONE
NOISE BUDGET RESTRICTIONS - NONE
NOISE SURCHARGE - NONE
NOISE MITIGATION/LAND
USE PLANNING PROGRAM INFORMATION
|
Type of Program |
Date Implemented |
Status |
| Sound Insulation (Residences and Public
Buildings) |
n/a |
- |
| Purchase Assurance for Homeowners Located
Within the Airport Noise Contours |
n/a |
- |
| Avigation Easements |
n/a |
- |
| Zoning Laws |
n/a |
- |
| Real Estate/Property Disclosure Laws |
n/a |
- |
| Acquire Land for Noise Compatibility to
date |
n/a |
- |
| Population within each noise contour level
relative to aircraft operations |
- |
65 DNL - 0 population |
| Airport Noise Contour Overlay Maps |
n/a |
- |
| Total Cost of Noise Mitigation Programs
to Date |
0 |
- |
| Source of Noise Mitigation Program Funding
for Aircraft Noise |
n/a |
- |
NOISE MONITORING SYSTEM
Click
here for link to the map of the noise monitoring system.
FLIGHT
TRACK MONITORING SYSTEM
NOISE LEVEL LIMITS
STAGE 2 RESTRICTIONS
| Stage 2 airplanes >75,000 lbs are prohibited from operating
at airports within the 48 contiguous states. |
STAGE 2 PHASEOUT
Airport Historical Information Below:
|
May 1990 |
Daytime
(0700-2000) |
Evening
(2000-2200) |
|
Year end
date |
% Stage 3
Goal |
% Stage 3
Regulatory LeveL |
% Stage 3
Goal |
% Stage 3
Regulatory Level |
|
1990 |
46.67 |
N/A |
40.94 |
N/A |
|
1991 |
53.34 |
N/A |
50.78 |
45.86 |
|
1992
|
60.01
|
56.41
|
60.62
|
Increasing at
increasingly
greater rate. |
|
1993
|
66.68
|
Increasing at
increasingly
greater rate |
70.46
|
|
|
| |
|
1994 |
73.35 |
| |
80.30 |
v |
|
1995 |
80.02 |
| |
90.14 |
89.14 |
|
1996 |
86.69 |
v |
100.00 |
|
|
1997 |
93.36 |
|
92.43 |
|
|
1998 |
100.00 |
|
|
|
STAGE 3 RESTRICTIONS
|