Critical Accounting Policies and Standards
Issued and Not Yet Implemented
Application of Critical Accounting
Policies
The Company’s primary operating segments are Commercial Airplanes,
Military Aircraft and Missile Systems, Space and Communications,
and Boeing Capital Corporation (BCC), a wholly-owned subsidiary
of the Company. The following is a summary of the Company’s
most critical accounting policies.
Contract accounting
Contract accounting is used predominantly by the Military
Aircraft and Missile Systems and the Space and Communications
segments. The majority of the business conducted in these
segments is performed under contracts for the U.S. Government
and foreign governments that extend over a number of years.
The process to estimate the total contract cost-revenue relationship
results in the development of gross margin and cost of sales
percentages. These percentages are utilized in the recognition
of earnings and are significant factors in contract accounting.
The amount reported as cost of sales is determined by applying
the estimated cost of sales percentages to the amount of revenue
recognized for each contract.
Total contract revenue estimates are based on the negotiated
contract price modified by assumptions regarding contract
options, change orders, incentive and award provisions associated
with technical performance, and contract terms that provide
for the adjustment of prices in the event of variations from
projected inflationary trends.
Total contract cost estimates are based in a large part on
historical performance trends, business base and other economic
projections, and information provided by suppliers. Factors
that influence these estimates include technical and schedule
risk, internal and subcontractor performance trends, business
volume assumptions, asset utilization, anticipated labor agreements,
and inflationary trends.
Revenues under contracts with fixed prices are generally
recognized as deliveries are made. For certain fixed-price
contracts that require substantial performance over an extended
period before deliveries begin, revenues are recorded based
on the attainment of performance milestones. Revenues under
contracts with terms that reimburse for costs incurred plus
an agreed upon profit are recorded as costs are incurred.
Contracts may contain provisions to earn incentive and award
fees if targets are achieved. Incentive and award fees that
can be reasonably estimated are recorded over the performance
period of the contract. Incentive and award fees that cannot
be reasonably estimated are recorded when awarded.
The development of gross margin and cost of sales percentages
involves procedures and personnel in all areas of the Company
that provide financial or production information on the status
of contracts. This contract management process produces the
Company’s best estimate of contract cost and contract revenue.
Estimates of each significant contract’s cost and revenue
are reviewed and reassessed quarterly. Changes in these estimates
result in recognition of cumulative adjustments to the contract
profit in the period in which changes are made. |